Commissioners' Plan of 1811
The grid plan of Manhattan, established by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, has had a profound and lasting impact on New York City's modern urban development, and its influence extends far beyond the island itself. Here's how:
Impact on NYC's Development:
- Efficiency and Predictability: The grid created a predictable and efficient layout for the city's expansion. Streets intersected at right angles, making navigation easier and allowing for standardized building lots.
- Dense Development: The grid system maximized land use, enabling the creation of a dense urban environment that could accommodate a growing population. This density played a key role in fostering businesses, cultural attractions, and a vibrant street life.
- Standardized Infrastructure: The grid made it easier to plan and install essential infrastructure like water pipes, sewage systems, and later, electrical grids and communication lines.
- Landmark Creation: The grid provided a framework for the development of iconic landmarks like the Empire State Building and Rockefeller Center, which could rise majestically above the uniform grid.
Why the Grid System Spread Across the US:
The success of the NYC grid plan, along with other factors, contributed to the widespread adoption of the grid system across the United States:
- The Land Ordinance of 1785: This federal law established a standardized system for surveying and dividing public lands in the US. This system relied heavily on grids for efficient land management and distribution.
- Efficiency and Simplicity: The grid offered a simple and efficient way to lay out new settlements and growing towns. It reduced surveying complexities and facilitated planning for future growth.
- Scalability: The grid system could be easily scaled up or down to accommodate the size of a town or city. This made it adaptable to various situations.
- Nation-Building Tool: The grid system embodied the ideals of order, progress, and modernity that were central to the development of the young American nation.
However, the Grid System Isn't Without Critics:
While the grid system has many advantages, some argue it can lead to:
- Monotony: The repetitive nature of the grid can create a sense of uniformity and lack of character in some urban landscapes.
- Disregard for Topography: Imposing a grid on uneven terrain can be impractical and lead to environmental issues like increased runoff and flooding.
- Social Segregation: The grid system can sometimes unintentionally facilitate social segregation, with wealthier residents gravitating towards certain areas.
In Conclusion:
The grid plan of New York City has been a defining element of its urban development. Its efficiency, predictability, and ability to accommodate dense populations made it a model for cities across the United States. However, it's important to acknowledge the potential drawbacks of the grid system and strive for urban planning that balances order with character and respects the natural environment.
